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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or comparable hack is different, it will become a target, a decoration for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no rear door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to keep a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with those options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all of the files you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, a few products store your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of these products to have a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this feature, you ought to find see a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works since the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the products accumulated here service AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is private, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it's all the proof you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.