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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it will become a target, a prize for the bad guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

All the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to maintain a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each the files you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, some products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. click If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each one of those products to have a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, since the information still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the merchandise accumulated here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is private, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it's all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.